Maize (Zea mays L.) commonly called corn, field corn, or Indian corn belongs to the Poaceae (Gramineae) family. It grows almost anywhere, although approximately 50% of the world’s maize is produced in the USA. It is one of the 3 major grain crops world-wide and extremely important for human and animal consumption (15 to 56% of total daily dietary caloric intake), food processing and other commercial activities in many developed and developing countries. This book aims to provide an up-to-date knowledge of recent developments in maize cultivation; the improvement of maize nutritional values to be used in food preparation and human consumption; and maize health benefits provided by the use of alternative maize varieties. The authors expect this book will provide a compendium of valuable knowledge for anyone interested in agricultural, environmental and food sciences.