A Culture of Refusal is a unique attempt at representing a set of what William Ayers calls multiply-marginalized adolescents, situating the voices of migrant and incarcerated youth within out-of-school contexts - in the fields and the streets, and ultimately, in the jails - where these youth live and develop their own cultures of refusal. By exploring and analyzing these environments, this book searches for the ways in which a pragmatic, pro-active response to societal and institutional racism and violence may be nurtured through the adolescents’ own lives and literacies.