The Man-Eaters of Tsavo and Other East African Adventures by Lieutenant Colonel J.H. Patterson is a memoir documenting Patterson's experiences while overseeing the construction of a railway bridge over the Tsavo River in Kenya in 1898. The work primarily focuses on a terrifying series of events involving two maneless male lions that began hunting down workers on the project, leading to widespread panic and significant delays. These lions, which Patterson famously called "The Ghost" and "The Darkness," killed dozens of workers over several months, entering camps at night to drag men from their tents.

Patterson, tasked with solving the crisis, recounts his attempts to kill the lions, detailing his observations, strategies, and encounters with these highly intelligent and elusive predators. After numerous failed attempts, Patterson finally managed to kill both lions, an act that restored calm and allowed the construction to resume. The memoir goes on to describe other adventures and encounters with the wildlife and landscapes of East Africa, along with Patterson's reflections on colonial life, the local communities, and the challenges faced by settlers and workers.

Patterson's narrative is both an adventure story and an exploration of the primal dangers present in Africa's wilderness. The book has since become a classic of safari literature and is famous for its dramatic account of human versus predator, showcasing Patterson's courage, persistence, and survival skills. The story of the Tsavo lions has since become legendary and has inspired various adaptations in film and literature, symbolizing both the dangers and allure of the African wilderness.