The lungs are essential organs in the human body which facilitate the process of gas exchange. Lung immunity plays a critical role in the prevention of various respiratory diseases characterized by abnormal inflammation. Some of the common lung diseases are asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and fibrosis. Lung inflammation is generally caused by pathogens or by exposure to pollutants, toxins, allergens and irritants. Some common symptoms of lung inflammation are fatigue, extra mucus, wheezing, problem in breathing, gasping for air, etc. Diagnosis of lung inflammation is conducted through several tests, such as CT scan, ventilation or perfusion scan, lung function test, and blood tests. Its treatment involves anti-inflammatory medications, emergency breathing support, and surgery in severe cases. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to lung immunity and inflammation. It will also provide interesting topics for research which readers can take up. This book includes contributions of experts and scientists which will provide innovative insights into this field of study.