Thomas Hobbes argues for a social contract and rule by an absolute sovereign. Influenced by the English Civil War Hobbes wrote that chaos or civil war-situations identified with a state of nature and the famous motto Bellum omnium contra omnes ("the war of all against all")-could only be averted by strong central government. He thus denied any right of rebellion toward the social contract which would be later added by John Locke and conserved by Jean-Jacques Rousseau.