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Before the introduction of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of
Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published in 2013, the diagnostic criteria for posttraumatic stress
disorder (PTSD) were under specific inquiry prior to its publication (American Psychiatric
Association [APA], 2000; APA, 2013; van der Kolk, 2005). The current diagnosis of PTSD in
the DSM-5 addressed many of the concerns raised by the DSM-IV TR; still, problems remain,
particularly in regard to the diagnosis for children and adolescents (APA, 2000; APA, 2013;
Gold, Marx, Soler-Baillo, & Sloan, 2005; Kerig & Bennett, 2012; Pynoos et al., 2009;
Scheeringa, Myers, Putnam & Zeanah, 2012). Specifically, many stressful childhood experiences
may not qualify as traumatic in the DSM-5, and thus, erroneous diagnoses or under-diagnosis
may result. Evidence-based trauma exposure measures are keyed to the DSM and may underidentify
events that youth may consider traumatic; thus, there is a need for the development of a
new measure to capture these experiences. In response to criticisms of the PTSD diagnosis for
children within the DSM, a new diagnosis, with a unique pattern of symptoms, was proposed-
"developmental trauma disorder" (DTD; van der Kolk, 2005). Given the limited work on DTD,
the present study examined the utility of a new measure to assess for potentially traumatic events
and its relation to symptoms of DTD.
