Biological Impermanence - Protein Misfolding

Sickle cell anemia was first reported more than a hundred years ago. There is still no cure.

In 1949, Prof. Linus Pauling published "Sickle Cell Anemia a Molecular Disease", Science, Nov. 25, the first to hint connection between genetic disorder and protein misshape.

However, even to this date, not a single study among thousands ever suggests what the underlying force causing protein misfolding; except invoking nonspecific terms like "aggregate", "fibrillation", "polymerization", "cluster", "clump", etc. to describe their observations. All those "xxx " terms share a common trait hinting unknown mechanism that forces things together.

With almost two dozens subsections examining circular motion, periodic structures, electron distribution over sphere, electronic bonding, electron string configurations, electronic conduction, electric current loop formation, magnetic field, molecular linking, macromolecular formation, magnetic pile and potential malignance associated with it, permutation (mutation) of molecular organization, electrical properties of virus, etc... ... . , this book reaches a conclusion that protein misfoldings attributed to local, micro-, electromagnetic field generated by electronic current loops associated with electron distribution surrounding biochemical molecules constituting biological tissues are the culprits for many mysterious diseases.