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Survivors of adult sexual assault (ASA) and child sexual abuse (CSA) experience numerous
negative consequences because of the violence they experienced. Self-blame is an important
symptom to consider, and some research has shown certain characteristics may lead to increased
trauma-related self-blame for survivors. High rates of self-blame are likely to lead to increased
symptomatology and increased treatment resistance. The aim of this study was to explore the
relationship between rape myth acceptance, tonic immobility, negative disclosure response
experiences, substance use, and sexual arousal and how they may impact trauma-related selfblame
for male survivors of adult sexual assault and/or child sexual abuse. 179 cisgender men
with a history of CSA and/or ASA completed online measures to assess for rape myth beliefs,
tonic immobility, disclosure experiences, sexual arousal, and substance use. Findings
demonstrated that only rape myth acceptance significantly predicted self-blame in male
survivors. Additionally, results indicated participants who used substances within 72 hours of
their nonconsensual sexual event and previously disclosed their abuse experienced higher rates
of self-blame than those who did not. Notably, even though sexual arousal was not a significant
predictor in this study, only 2.8% of the total sample reported experiencing no indications of
physiological sexual arousal and 60% had significant experiences of physiological sexual
arousal. Additionally, over two thirds of the sample never disclosed the nonconsensual sexual
event to anyone. Clinical implications and future research directions are discussed.
