This book constructs an innovative theoretical analysis framework for corporate consolidation through M&A under the condition of government competition during the transition period. Under the condition of transitional economy, the government is an important agent in economic development. Government behaviors, especially government competitions, are institutional variables that affect enterprise behaviors and corporate consolidation. Based on the perspective of local government competition, starting from the essential problems of China’s enterprise M&A during the transition period, and taking the existence of M&A waves-the occurrence mechanism of M&A under government competition-the process of corporate consolidation under government competition-the macro and micro effects of M&A as the main line, this book reveals the mechanism and effects of enterprise M&A on the evolution of industrial economic structure and regional economic structure under the paradigm of government competition. At the same time, taking the motivations for government competition-conducts of government competition-effects of government competition as the hidden line, the path of government competition and its impact mechanism are investigated. Relevant analysis of government competition is embodied in the logical framework of M&A and corporate consolidation.