In this text, the authors offer an account of thermoluminescence (TL) and other thermally stimulated phenomena. Although most recent experimental results of TL in different materials are described in some detail, the emphasis is on general processes, and the approach is more theoretical.Thus , the details of the possible processes which can take place during the excitation of the sample, and during its heating, are analyzed. The methods for analyzing TL glow curves are critically discussed, and recommendations as to their application are made. Also discussed are the expected behaviour of these phenomena as functions of the experimental parameters, for example, the dose of excitation. The consequences concerning the main applications of TL (for example, radiation dosimetry) are also discussed in detail as well as the similarities and dissimilarities of other thermally stimulated phenomena, and the simultaneous measurements of the latter and TL.