Carbon Dioxide Removal from Coal-Fired Power Plants

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1. 1. Greenhouse gas emissions and climate change … … … … . . 3 1. 1. 1. Emissions and concentrations of greenhouse gases 3 1. 1. 2. Impact of increasing greenhouse gases concentration 4 1. 2. Options to reduce carbon dioxide emissions 5 1. 2. 1. Carbon dioxide removal 8 1. 3. Scope of the thesis 10 1. 4. Outline of the thesis… … … … … … … … … … … 11 1. 4. 1. General evaluation method… … … … … … … . . 12 1. 4. 2. Some notes … … … … … … … … … … … . . 13 II. Simulation and optimization of carbon dioxide recovery from the flue gases of a coal-fired power plant using amines 14 Abstract 19 2. 1. Introduction … … … … … … … … … … … … … 20 2. 2. The chemical absorption process… … … … … … … … 22 2. 2. 1. General process description… … … … … … … . . 22 2. 2. 2. Types of absorbent 23 2. 2. 3. Effects of flue gas contaminants 24 2. 3. Simulation of the scrubber in ASPEN PLUS … … … … … . . 25 2. 3. 1. ASPEN PLUS for flow sheet simulation 26 2. 3. 2. Simulation of the performance for the base-case design . . 26 the scrubber … … … … … … … . 29 2. 3. 3. Optimization of 2. 3. 4. Design and results 32 2. 3. 5. Discussion… … … … … … … … … … … … 34 2. 4. Integration of the scrubber in the power plant 35 2. 4. 1. Power loss caused by steam extraction 36 2. 4. 2. Power saved by avoiding preheating boiler feed water … 38 2. 4. 3. Power consumption by the carbon dioxide scrubber … . . 38 2. 4. 4. Power consumption for carbon dioxide compression … . . 38 2. 4. 5. Calculation of plant efficiency losses
   … … … … . . 39 2. 5.