"A Modern Instance" by William Dean Howells is a realist novel that examines the complexities of marriage, divorce, and social norms in 19th-century American society. The story centers on the tumultuous relationship between the central characters, who grapple with moral dilemmas and gender roles within the context of a changing social landscape. The novel explores the institution of marriage and its challenges, focusing on the protagonist, Bartley Hubbard, and his troubled relationship with his wife, Isabella. Their marriage deteriorates due to incompatibilities and personal failings, ultimately leading to divorce-a controversial and sensitive topic of the time. Howells presents a nuanced character study, delving into the moral and legal issues surrounding divorce and the hypocrisy often associated with societal judgments. The narrative critiques the rigid social expectations and explores how these norms impact individual lives and relationships. Through its realistic portrayal of domestic life and family dynamics, "A Modern Instance" offers a critical examination of courtship, marriage, and the implications of legal and social changes. Howells' portrayal of these issues reflects the broader concerns of American society during the 19th century, providing insights into the evolving attitudes towards marriage and divorce.