"The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India Vol. 4" is the final volume of a comprehensive study of the various tribes and castes that inhabited the central provinces of India during the colonial period. The book was written by R.V. Russell, a British civil servant and ethnographer. Volume 4 of the book focuses on the religious practices of the various tribes and castes of the region. Russell notes that religion played a central role in the lives of people in the region and had a profound impact on their social and cultural practices. He describes how the arrival of Islam and Christianity in India led to the emergence of new religious practices and syncretic beliefs. Russell also discusses the role of religion in politics and society, noting how religious identities often intersected with caste identities and influenced political allegiances. He notes that religion was often used as a tool for social and political control, particularly by the British colonial administration. Overall, "The Tribes and Castes of the Central Provinces of India Vol. 4" provides a detailed and comprehensive overview of the religious practices and beliefs of the various tribes and castes of the region during the colonial period. Russell's meticulous research and detailed descriptions of religious practices continue to be studied and referenced by scholars today.