It was felt the need of the day to compile the entire subject matter related to sustainable animal breeding and production in a single volume to meet the requirement as per syllabus of Post Graduate programme of animal breeding taught in State Agricultural Universities in India. The entire subject matter of animal breeding in this book has been covered in 3 parts comprising 27 chapters. The first part of 8 chapters has been devoted to the domestication of animals, animal husbandry development and education in India, breed improvement programmes for different species in India, and contribution of livestock. The second part comprises 11 chapters covering the conventional animal breeding techniques based on the principles of population genetics. The last third part comprising 8 chapters of the book deals with the essentials of sustainable animal breeding and production covering the documentation and conservation of AnGR, strategies for breeding of different species of livestock and poultry, Biotech Books - BIOTECH - BIOTECHniques in animal breeding, reproduction, nutrition, management and health care. Hope this book will be of immense use to the post graduate students, teachers and those appearing in different All India Competitive Examinations like NET, SRF, and ARS in Genetics and Animal Breeding conducted by ASRB (ICAR) as well as by UGC and UPSC.