This second WHO GAP consultation brought together more than 100 representatives from national governments, United Nations agencies, funders, regulatory authorities, WHO technology-transfer projects, vaccine manufacturers, nongovernmental organizations and the research community. The overall objective of the consultation was to review the progress made and lessons learnt during the first five years of GAP in order to identify which approaches and factors lead to the successful implementation of activities. Following wide-ranging discussions of all the major areas, consultation participants then proposed a set of key actions. It is intended that the overview of GAP activities in the first five years and the proposed action points presented in this report will be used to inform the development of a GAP strategy for the next five years.