Legality and Other Requirements for Sentencing / Legalite Et Autres Exigences En Matiere de Condamnation
Legality and Other Requirements for Sentencing / Legalite Et Autres Exigences En Matiere de Condamnation
All over the world, governments impose punishments on their citizens for transgressions of the criminal law. Consensus exists that this sanctioning should be in accordance with the principle of legality and the rule of law. However, governments around the world struggle with providing foreseeability and non-arbitrariness in their sentencing systems. This continuous struggle raises the question how - and to what extent - foreseeability and non-arbitrariness must be guaranteed. Not only in relation to the type of sentence imposed (quality), but also to its length (quantity) and the circumstances under which the sentence is executed. Worldwide, a variety of sentencing principles (e.g., proportionality, equality, culpability) are employed, not only to promote foreseeable, non-arbitrary sentencing, but also to do justice in the individual case. Although similarities exist, countries differ greatly in the principles they apply and the meaning they ascribe to them.
This volume provides insight in the worldwide ideas and practices on legality and other requirements for sentencing. Which requirements should be leading? How do these requirements interrelate? And how should they be defined and implemented? An array of topics and questions is discussed regarding these requirements. Some examples: How should judicial discretion and the principle of legality be balanced? Should the execution of sentences be a matter for the judiciary or the administration? What is the relationship between the principle of legality and the prohibition against discrimination? Can human judges practice consistent sentencing? Should temporary release be a discretionary power or a right? And: How can we increase public confidence in sentencing? The present volume hopes to both provide answers to these questions and to support the reader in developing new thoughts and angles on these topics.
Partout dans le monde, les gouvernements imposent des sanctions a leurs citoyens pour des transgressions du droit penal. Il existe un consensus sur le fait que cette sanction doit etre conforme au principe de legalite et a l'Etat de droit. Cependant, les gouvernements du monde entier s'efforcent d'assurer la previsibilite et l'absence d'arbitraire dans leurs systemes de condamnation. Cette lutte permanente souleve la question de savoir comment - et dans quelle mesure - la previsibilite et le caractere non arbitraire doivent etre garantis. Non seulement en ce qui concerne le type de peine imposee (qualite), mais aussi en ce qui concerne sa duree (quantite) et les circonstances dans lesquelles la peine est executee. Dans le monde entier, divers principes de determination de la peine (par exemple, la proportionnalite, l'egalite, la culpabilite) sont utilises, non seulement pour promouvoir une determination previsible et non arbitraire de la peine, mais aussi pour rendre justice au cas par cas. Bien qu'il existe des similitudes, les pays different grandement dans les principes qu'ils appliquent et dans la signification qu'ils leur donnent.
Ce volume donne un apercu des idees et des pratiques mondiales sur la legalite et les autres exigences en matiere de condamnation. Quelles sont les exigences a privilegier ? Comment ces exigences sont-elles liees entre elles ? Et comment doivent-elles etre definies et mises en oeuvre ? Un large eventail de sujets et de questions sont abordes a propos de ces exigences. Quelques exemples: comment equilibrer le pouvoir discretionnaire du juge et le principe de legalite ? L'execution des peines doit-elle relever du pouvoir judiciaire ou de l'administration ? Quelle est la relation entre le principe de legalite et l'interdiction de la discrimination ? Les juges humains peuvent-ils pratiquer des peines coherentes ? La liberation provisoire doit-elle etre un pouvoir discretionnaire ou un droit ? Et: comment accroitre la confiance du public dans la determination de la peine ? Le present volume espere a la fois apporter des reponses a ces questions et aider le lecteur a developper de nouvelles reflexions et de nouveaux points de vue sur ces sujets.
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