The purpose of this book is to reveal the antique pedigree of a now commonplace term, Inspiration, an essential creation-myth now propelling notions of self-expression in modern art-making. Knowledge of the ancient sources of such supposedly modernist fixations will make a significant contribution to historical-cultural thinking, particularly by showing in detail the facts of an unrecognized evolutionary continuity. In order to personify Inspiration, this study initially focuses upon Michelangelo’s Bacchus of 1496, so revealing now-forgotten meanings once typically to be attached in a generic way to any Bacchus. Then it demonstrates how these Dionysiac concepts arose in ancient Greece. Later developments–particularly from the Middle Ages through the Renaissance–are traced here for the first time. Due to further modifications by Friedrich Nietzsche, Dionysiac expressionism eventually became a staple of modern art theory and practice.