An interpretation of the psalmist’s assertions about upright behaviour towards God or men in Psalms 7, 17, 18, 26 and 44. After a short introduction, the study presents a detailed analysis of Psalms 7, 17, 18, 26 and 44, covering text, philology and exegesis. It evaluates previous views of the intention and setting of the psalmist’s claims regarding upright behaviour, such as Beyerlin’s theory that the psalms involved were originally used as prayers in a cultic trial by ordeal. It presents a hypothesis with respect to the purport of the claims. The volume’s subject matter should be of interest to anyone studying the Hebrew Psalms, and it also deals with an important topic of the anthropology and theology of the Old Testament - human righteousness towards God.