This book, entitled "The importance of music in teaching and learning in early childhood education in a public school in Espinosa, MG", had the general objective of verifying how music contributes to the development of children in the 1st period of School X, in Espinosa. The specific objectives include: analyzing the types of music used by teachers, how they choose repertoires and whether they consider them important; investigating the presence of music in the teaching-learning process; and researching its importance in children's cognitive development. The choice of topic arose from the supervised internships of the Pedagogy course, where it was observed that music facilitates learning, making classes more enjoyable and meaningful. The central question is: how does music benefit children's development? The research had a qualitative, exploratory approach, based on authors such as Loureiro (2003), Vygotsky (1991), Brito (2003), among others, as well as field research using discursive questionnaires. The results show the relevance of music in early childhood education, as explained in the final considerations.