Endodontics has made significant strides in regenerative approaches, largely due to advancements in biologically based procedures, known as regenerative endodontic therapy (RET). In recent years, there has been a noticeable shift in the conceptual framework of this therapy. Initially, RET relied on a blood clot formed by apical bleeding, without the use of the patient's cells-referred to as cell-free RET. Over time, RET has evolved to incorporate the three fundamental principles of tissue engineering: the use of stromal or stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors, with the goal of regenerating a functional dentin-pulp complex. This comprehensive review delves into the foundational knowledge and practical insights necessary for the translational application of stem cell-based RET and tissue engineering techniques for dental pulp regeneration.