This book dealt with the synthesis of modified Poly(styrene-maleic anhydride) copolymer (SMA-1) and its nanocomposites with varying weight percentage of Ag/Au NPs. The effects of incorporation of Ag/Au NPs on SMA-1 were studied using the spectral and thermal data. Open Aperture Z-scan studies revealed that the two photon absorption coefficient (?) of SMA-1 was enhanced by the addition of metal NPs. The polymer nanocomposites having low optical limiting threshold values could be used for the fabrication of nonlinear optical devices with good optical-limiting properties. Wound healing studies indicated increased migration and proliferation of the fibroblast 3T3 cells.