The book analyses the effectiveness of Brazilian Law No. 12.732/12 in guaranteeing comprehensive treatment for patients with malignant neoplasms within the scope of the SUS and identifies the antinomies and gaps that make it difficult for the SUS manager to take responsibility. The 'general' health legislation was assessed and a literature review was carried out in the various areas of law to support the verification of the antinomies and gaps present in the special law. The national legislation on the non-contractual responsibility of the State in guaranteeing the Right to Health is complex and the existence of antinomies or legal gaps can hinder its applicability. Brazil's epidemiological data on cancer is alarming and demonstrates the need for efforts between the federal entities to guarantee comprehensive care. The population's lack of adherence to early screening regulations and the state's difficulties in promoting care are factors that can be seen in official morbidity and mortality data. The law has "special" legal tools for tackling the problem, as long as they are developed in an integrated manner with the medical sciences.