Seed dispersal by wild herbivores

Endozoochory is a common seed dispersal mechanism, resulting from the ingestion of fruiting material and its passage through the animal's digestive tract. Although most plants do not have the ability to disperse seeds on their own, many of these species have a wide distribution due to the mobility of animals to disperse pollen and seeds. Large herbivores are generally recognized for their strong contribution to the dynamics of vegetation in various ecosystems, especially in long-distance dispersal. In the north-east of Tras-os-Montes, several species of herbivore, such as the roe deer (Cervus elaphus), the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), the rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) and the hare (Lepus granatensis) coexist in some areas, but their role in the dissemination of seeds and the dynamics of the region's vegetation is unknown.