In this book, the work carried out on X-ray phase contrast imaging has been reported. This includes simulations to study the feasibility of the phase contrast imaging and setting up an experimental facility in the laboratory using X-ray microfocus source and CCD detector to carry out the experiments. Phase contrast imaging depends on several parameters like source-to-object, object-to-detector distance, source energy etc. The extensive theoretical simulations have been done using phase contrast imaging technique for monochromatic and polychromatic sources to optimize these parameters. Using above facility have investigated advanced materials such as pyro carbon (PyC) and silicon carbide coated zirconia microspheres and PyC coated alumina microspheres first time using X-ray phase contrast imaging technique. These objects are coated with low Z material and have poor X-ray absorption therefore with conventional radiography we could not able to see the coatings. Thus these materials are ideally suited for showing phase contrast effects. These kinds of objects are used in high temperature gas cooled reactor.