Water is an extremely important natural resource for the existence of life on the planet and for the most diverse activities carried out by man. Population growth and the intensification of activities related to agro-industry in recent times have led to serious problems of scarcity and compromised quality of water resources.In this context, we sought to demonstrate the main evolutionary moments of water in the Brazilian legal system, its internationalization in terms of fresh water, its legal regulation, also emphasizing its insertion in the history of Basic Sanitation in Brazil, alluding to the relevant aspects of this sector according to the survey data of the last five years contained in the National Sanitation Information System (SNIS), in addition to explaining the main changes brought about by Federal Law No. 14.026/2020, which updated the Regulatory Framework for Basic Sanitation in Brazil, and the use of water in beer production, also highlighting the importance of the conscious use of these resources in Brazil's brewing industries.