The main objective of this work is to analyse the implementation and results of a differentiated and assisted assessment system implemented by the Yellow School, located in Cidade Ocidental-Goias (Brazil), with the aim of contributing to and providing opportunities for the development and learning of students identified with learning difficulties, according to medical reports. The literature review discussed the concepts of learning difficulties and learning disorders, especially ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder), the relationship between teaching and learning in Vygotsky's socio-historical theory, the medicalisation of students with ADHD and the assisted assessment of students with learning problems and/or medical reports in the schooling process. The research pointed to considerations that can be considered by teachers, parents and specialists, so that children and adolescents are seen and understood as learning subjects in the process.