Delayed union, malunion, nonunion therapy, osteomyelitis, arthrodesis, pseudoarthrosis and bone defects are problems encountered in orthopedics. Along with regulation of reduction and stable fixation, auxiliary measures such as the use of bone graft or bone graft materials are very important in most cases. Bone graft materials usually have one or more components. These components are an osteoconductive matrix that provides a scaffold for new bone growth, osteoinductive proteins that support the mitogenesis of undifferentiated cells, and osteogenic cells that can form bone in the appropriate environment. Autologous bone is considered the gold standard for stimulating bone repair and regeneration, but can be found in limited quantities and the material collection procedure may result in complications. Bone graft materials can be used in place of autologous bone graft or it can be enhanced by adding to the existing amount of autologous bone graft. In this book, it is aimed to examine bone graft and graft materials available in orthopedic surgery.