Generally, the name cancer brings about a huge sense of terror. It is a big threat to human beings the world over. It is approximated that the number of cancer related deaths in the world may rise up to 11.0 million in 2030. Tobacco and alcohol consumption, exposure to pesticides and radiations, drug abuse, dietary habits, lifestyle changes are some of the prominent causes of cancer. Presently, different strategies are employed for ensuring safe and effective treatment of cancer. Surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy and monoclonal antibody therapy are the most common methods of cancer treatment. However, it is the location and grade of tumour, the stage of the disease and the general state of the patient those determine the choice of the treatment. The latest cancer treatment approaches of the twentieth century include chemotherapy, immunotherapy and targeted therapies. This book aims to highlight cancer scenario at the global level. Attempts have been made to discuss the different causes of cancer. Besides, efforts have been made to discuss different presently available cancer treatment modalities.