Christian Topography. Book about Christ, encompassing the whole world

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Very popular in medieval Russia (as, indeed, and in the Christian East in general) Christian topography of Cosmas (Kosma) Indicopleustes (literally - plavatel to India ), the Byzantine merchant and later a monk who lived in the VI century. Christian Topography (in the Slavonic translation of The Book about Christ, enveloping the whole world ) is essentially a theological treatise cosmographical - medieval encyclopedia of the inhabited world. Russian translation is known in dozens of lists usually richly illuminated. We present here the list is not so rich in miniatures, but also existing cause mixed reactions. It is quite clear as it might portray miniature animals that had never seen and knows them only by sparse and inconsistent description (for example, elephant, rhinoceros and hippopotamus), but why is quite familiar to our margins, the call of the beast beaver represented something like a dog puzzling . It seems that the problem is not only in the absence of visual image depicted or the notorious inability to draw , but also a certain lack of commitment from our not so distant (in a chronological sense) to represent the ancestors of some of the things the way they look (the problem typical for domestic cartography pre-Petrine period).