Perfume litigations typically involve only trademark or packaging protection. The actual perfume hardly enjoys any legal attention although it is very often copied. The term perfume is ambiguous and designates the olfactory source as well as the olfactory form of the fragrance. Different perfume formulae can smell similar while similar formulae can produce different fragrances. The study analysed the applicability of patents, trademarks and copyright to fragrances. The Author has been advising since 2011 companies and associations of the fragrance industry.