Values are important! They are the basis of many human decisions and are used to justify specific actions. Values thus represent something like the cornerstones of human belief systems. The measurement of the individual importance of values is anything but trivial, because due to the properties of values, respondents tend to regard all the values that are present for the evaluation, to be important. This book examines the suitability of an open question format for the measurement of values. Among other things, the investigation is carried out in comparison to the closed question formats item battery and chip game. In addition, the study provides insights into the motivational and mental structure of human value systems and their impact on political attitudes.