This is the fourth volume prepared by the initiators of the Three Ukrainian Revolutions (3R) project ongoing at the College of Europe in Natolin since 2016. The present collection of essays analyses the changes that have taken place in the post-Soviet space since 1991 and which have determined both the process of democratization and the return to authoritarianism in the new republics. Since 2022, researchers gathered around the 3R project have been asked: Had there been no revolutions and mass pro-democratic protest in Ukraine and other post-Soviet states, would there also be no war today? Answers to this and similarly intriguing questions are provided by: Dominique Arel, Marek Cichocki, Kinga Anna Gajda, Alexandra Goujon, Pawel Kowal, Magdalena Lachowicz, Wojciech Michnik, Georges Mink, Justyna Oledzka, Olga Onuch, Iwona Reichardt, Anton Saifullayeu, Kacper Wańczyk, Andrew Wilson, Kateryna Wolczuk, and Oksana Zabuzhko.