Heinz Duthel’s Philosopher Guide or the Desert of the Real The World Famous Philosophers Famous Philosophers Cicero David Hume Rene Descartes Thales of Miletus Thomas Aquinas Socrates Saint Bonaventure Baruch Spinoza Friedrich Nitzsche Aristotle Confucius Avicenna Francis Bacon Claude Levi-Strauss Plato John Rawls Immanuel Kant Boethius Seneca the Younger John Stuart Mill Some of the most prominent philosophers of the 20th and 21st centuries are Bertrand Russell, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Jean-Paul Sartre, Claude Levi-Strauss, Albert Camus, Richard Rorty, Noam Chomsky . Philosophy is said to be the mother of all disciplines. It is the oldest of all disciplines and gave rise to modern science as we know it today as both social and natural sciences have their roots in philosophy. Modern sciences either directly emerged from philosophy or are very closely related to philosophical questions. Understanding philosophy and of course, the way problems are addressed by philosophers is therefore the key to understanding of science as we know it today.