In the context of climate change and rapid urbanization, it is urgent to investigate the ecological conditions of forests, analyze their ecological process, assess their ecological status, and explore effective measurements and policies to ensure their ecological management and sustainable development. This Reprint, entitled "The Ecological Management and Sustainable Development of Forests", presents 12 high-quality original research papers, including both micro- and macro-scale studies, that are critical to clarifying the mechanisms that alter the structure and function of forest ecosystems, strengthening ecosystem restoration and conservation and supporting the achievement of the SDGs. At the micro-scale, the included authors carried out field experiments and surveys, investigated the characteristics of the forestry economy, and explored the mechanisms and influencing factors in the alteration of trees or forests. At the macro-scale, this Special Issue discusses three aspects of forest ecosystem characteristics and management, i.e., characteristic identification, mechanism analysis, and optimization management.