The 21st century has been defined as the age of biology. Many are of the view that biology is the dominant area of science, where major advances in both science and technology are likely to be made and where they will make the greatest impact. Applied Biosciences reports on the many advances in this field. Biosciences can provide technology to protect the environment and conserve biodiversity and improve human health and quality of life by providing better sources of food, energy, and materials. Bioscience is central to global adaptation to climate change, which represents the need for the application of a wide range of bioscience technologies. Biosciences have the potential to rapidly change our lives in many ways, shaping our health and lifestyles as well as many aspects of the environment in which we live. The convergence of advances in many research areas is contributing to the increasing pace of technological advances in this field, including molecular biology, information technology, nanotechnology, and biomaterial science. This Special Issue includes contributions reporting on innovations and insights gained from these divergent areas of research that are advancing life on earth.