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English summary: After the democratic restoration in 403 BC a defendant was allowed to oppose a statement (paragraphe) that the case could not be brought to trial on formal grounds. Some scholars believe that the formal question was decided by the court as a separate preliminary case; for other scholars the two questions - the formal one and the material one - were considered together: if the paragraphe was defeated, the jurors passed directly to a vote on the case itself. The author discusses carefully the various opinions on the subject and presents his own solution, based on a cautious analysis of the ancient sources: in a single vote the jurors decided if the defendant’s paragraphe or the plaintiff’s plaint was winning the case. Italian description: Dopo la restaurazione democratica del 403 a. C. al convenuto era permesso, oltre che difendersi nel merito, opporre l'inammissibilita dell'azione mediante paragraphe. Se il tribunale accoglieva la paragraphe e dichiarava l'azione inammissibile, il processo era terminato. Se invece respingeva la paragraphe, si discute se la causa nel merito fosse discussa nell'ambito del medesimo processo o se si aprisse un nuovo processo. L'autore presenta un'approfondita discussione delle varie opinioni in proposito e presenta una propria soluzione basata su un'accurata analisi delle fonti antiche: con una sola votazione i giudici sceglievano se accogliere la paragraphe o se assegnare la vittoria all'attore.
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English summary: After the democratic restoration in 403 BC a defendant was allowed to oppose a statement (paragraphe) that the case could not be brought to trial on formal grounds. Some scholars believe that the formal question was decided by the court as a separate preliminary case; for other scholars the two questions - the formal one and the material one - were considered together: if the paragraphe was defeated, the jurors passed directly to a vote on the case itself. The author discusses carefully the various opinions on the subject and presents his own solution, based on a cautious analysis of the ancient sources: in a single vote the jurors decided if the defendant’s paragraphe or the plaintiff’s plaint was winning the case. Italian description: Dopo la restaurazione democratica del 403 a. C. al convenuto era permesso, oltre che difendersi nel merito, opporre l'inammissibilita dell'azione mediante paragraphe. Se il tribunale accoglieva la paragraphe e dichiarava l'azione inammissibile, il processo era terminato. Se invece respingeva la paragraphe, si discute se la causa nel merito fosse discussa nell'ambito del medesimo processo o se si aprisse un nuovo processo. L'autore presenta un'approfondita discussione delle varie opinioni in proposito e presenta una propria soluzione basata su un'accurata analisi delle fonti antiche: con una sola votazione i giudici sceglievano se accogliere la paragraphe o se assegnare la vittoria all'attore.