The European Society for Arti?cial Intelligence in Medicine (AIME) was est- lishedin1986withtwomaingoals:1)tofosterfundamentalandappliedresearch in the application of Arti?cial Intelligence (AI) techniques to medical care and medical research,and 2) to providea forum at biennial conferences for reporting signi?cant results achieved. Additionally, AIME assists medical industrialists to identify newAItechniqueswithhighpotentialforintegrationintonewproducts. Amajoractivityofthissocietyhasbeenaseriesofinternationalconferencesheld biennially over the last 18 years: Marseilles, France (1987), London, UK (1989), Maastricht, Netherlands (1991), Munich, Germany (1993), Pavia, Italy (1995), Grenoble, France (1997), Aalborg, Denmark (1999), Cascais, Portugal (2001), Protaras, Cyprus (2003). The AIME conference provides a unique opportunity to present and improve the international state of the art of AI in medicine from both a research and an applications perspective. For this purpose, the AIME conference includes invited lectures, contributed papers, system demonstrations, a doctoral cons- tium, tutorials, and workshops. The present volume contains the proceedings of AIME 2005, the 10th conference on Arti?cial Intelligence in Medicine, held in Aberdeen, Scotland, July 23-27, 2005. In the AIME 2005 conference announcement, we encouraged authors to s- mit original contributions to the development of theory, techniques, and - plications of AI in medicine, including the evaluation of health care programs. Theoretical papers were to include presentation or analysis of the properties of novelAImethodologiespotentiallyusefultosolvingmedicalproblems.Technical papers were to describe the novelty of the proposed approach, its assumptions, bene?ts, and limitations compared with other alternative techniques. Appli- tion papers were to present su?cient information to allow the evaluation of the practical bene?ts of the proposed system or methodology.