This book has long been regarded as the standard work on the history of the History of the State Treaty of 15 May 1955. Ten years after the proclamation of Austria’s independence, the Treaty, together with the declaration of neutrality, led to the end of Austria’s East-West occupation and established Austria’s real independence. Gerald Stourzh and co-author Wolfgang Mueller, Professor of Russian History at the University of Vienna, present the work in a strongly revised and newly expanded form, also with a new title. Numerous other files from Moscow archives, such as the Stalin and Molotov estate and specialist literature of the last decades, were newly included. This enabled questions that remained unanswered in previous editions to be answered. No other work on the subject reaches the fullness of the source material processed here.