In the spring of 2010, the weekly newspaper Die Zeit featured a headline story titled Typically Jewish - and puncutated this headline with a question mark. While this headline speaks to the problems associated with identity as an analytical category, the reciprocal relationships between Jewish self-characterizations and outside attributions of Jewishness remain of key importance for understanding the history of German-Jewish relations. At the heart of this volume are fictional models of Jewishness, distinctions between different Jewish groups, as well as an examination of how internal Jewish discourse responded to anti-Semitic attributions - for example, during the time of the Weimar Republic.