Mallarme’s impact has been too great to remain within the confines of French-language culture, or indeed literary studies. While much of the first century of Mallarme’s posthumous glory has been spent looking at his ideas on language as a key to his difficult oeuvre, something far more fundamental to his originality has been brushed over: his ideas in language. Contained within that shift of preposition is Mallarme’s unique way of handling concepts. This book is about the sheer improbability of Mallarme’s joint concern with concepts, or ideas, on the one hand, and with language as it behaves within the constraints of poetic convention on the other. While the emphasis is on Mallarme as a handler of concepts, this is not primarily a study of Mallarme’s philosophical ideas, still less of philosophical influences that bore on him. Its real theme is Mallarme’s discovery that in order to do something with concepts he must do something to language.