Grammaire Livre XVIII: Syntaxe 2
Priscien
Grammaire Livre XVIII: Syntaxe 2
Priscien
English Summary: In Priscian’s Grammar, the 18th Book is the last and longest book, which closes the analysis devoted to syntax, started in Book 17. It may also be viewed as the whole work’s achievement. Once again Priscian gets his inspiration, although more loosely there, from the agenda set by the Alexandrian grammarian Apollonius Dyscolus in his Syntax - now focusing on the complete statement’s core, viewed from a name and verb perspective. In the middle of the book, however, Priscian departs from his Greek model and makes a brand new development: a catalog of comparisons between Greek and Latin sentence-construction, in 340 independent notes, which was inspired by the many bilingual indices prompted by Roman occupation in hellenistic territory. The present study shows the originality and heterogeneity of that singular book, in its composition as well as in the treatment of its various sources. Some aspects of its analyses constitute genuine crossroads in the history of linguistic theories, such as the interpretation of the Stoic concept of predicate, or the study of subjonctive and optative modes. Other novelties pertain to the educative aims of a work that Priscian intended to an academic and bilingual audience. But most of all, the constant setting of a continuity between Greek and Latin gives rise to an impressive number of literary quotes, sometimes taken from extinct texts, which turn the Ars Prisciani into a hommage paid by the late Antiquity to classical Greek-Latin literature. The book contents include a general introduction, the Latin text with Loci Similes, an annotated translation in French, a selective bibliography and various Indices. French Description: Avec le livre 18 de la Grammaire de Priscien se poursuit la traduction de cette somme de la grammaire antique dont l'auteur enseignait la langue latine a Constantinople au debut du VIe siecle. Ce livre, le dernier et le plus long, acheve l'analyse inauguree avec le livre 17 et consacree a la syntaxe, qui constitue l'aboutissement de l'oeuvre. Priscien s'y inspire encore, quoique de facon plus lache, du programme elabore par le grammairien alexandrin Apollonius Dyscole dans sa Syntaxe, et l'analyse se concentre ici sur la constitution du noyau de l'enonce complet, envisagee du double point de vue du nom et du verbe. Au milieu de ce livre, Priscien s'affranchit cependant de la progression thematique et des analyses de son modele grec, pour entamer un developpement d'un genre entierement nouveau par rapport au reste de l'oeuvre: un catalogue de constructions grecques et latines comparees, en 340 notices independantes, inspire des multiples index bilingues suscites par la presence romaine en territoire hellenophone. Le present volume rend compte de l'originalite et de l'heterogeneite de ce livre singulier, dans son organisation comme dans le traitement de ses diverses sources. Certains aspects de ses analyses forment de veritables noeuds dans l'histoire des theories linguistiques, comme l'interpretation du concept stoicien de predicat ou le traitement des modes subjonctif et optatif. D'autres innovations relevent des objectifs pedagogiques d'une oeuvre que Priscien destinait a un public universitaire bilingue. Surtout, la constante mise en scene de la continuite entre le grec et le latin donne lieu a une impressionnante quantite de citations litteraires, parfois issues de textes perdus par ailleurs, qui font de l'Ars Prisciani un hommage de l'Antiquite tardive a la litterature greco-latine classique. L'ouvrage comporte une introduction generale, le texte latin accompagne des loci similes, une traduction annotee, une bibliographie selective et des index (auteurs et citations, terminologie grammaticale latine et grecque, notions grammaticales).
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