La Petite-Fille de la Sorciere: Enquete Sur La Culture Magique Des Campagnes Au Temps de George Sand

Vincent Robert (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences CBS)

La Petite-Fille de la Sorciere: Enquete Sur La Culture Magique Des Campagnes Au Temps de George Sand
Format
Paperback
Publisher
Les Belles Lettres
Country
France
Published
13 April 2015
Pages
320
ISBN
9782251445304

La Petite-Fille de la Sorciere: Enquete Sur La Culture Magique Des Campagnes Au Temps de George Sand

Vincent Robert (Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences CBS)

English summary: In the 19th century, it had already been a long time since witches had last been burned. Therefore, no witch trial exhibits are currently available. Case law is mute on the subject, apart from a few isolated cases of swindling and tragic pieces of local news. Nor can we rely on folklore study pioneers: these prominent individuals mainly explored country customs for vestiges of ancient cults or practices, and had little interest in the peasants of their time. That is why the author chose instead to look for traces in literature - in Gascon Jasmin’s La Petite Fadette, Dus frays bessous, or in works by other writers raised in the countryside - to find what Carlo Ginzburg would call traces. These half-faded traces of an essentially oral and widely scorned culture are tenuous indications which need to be interpreted in the light of what anthropologists and folklorists have taught us about folk tales and beliefs. The author reconstructs the multiple facets of a cultural universe which we perceive as very strange, halfway between dream and reality, and populated with witches, werewolves, soothsayers and will-‘of-the-wisps. As a meticulous historian, he strives to situate such beliefs in the context of their time and to understand why - despite the Enlightenment’s disdain that followed the preceding centuries’ bloody persecution - those traces were still so much intact in the early 19th century. He then endeavours to assess the reasons for their decline, or rather their transformation, at that time. Lastly, the book examines the political influence they ultimately exerted when, in 1848, the advent of universal suffrage gave still-literate and superstitious country people a decisive say in a nation’s destiny. French description: Au XIXe siecle, cela faisait longtemps qu'on ne brulait plus de sorcieres. Les pieces de proces n'existent donc pas. La justice est muette, a part quelques affaires d'escroquerie et de rares faits divers tragiques. Ne comptons pas trop non plus sur les tout premiers folkloristes: ces notables cherchaient surtout dans les moeurs campagnardes des vestiges de cultes ou d'usages antiques et en somme ne s'interessaient guere aux paysans de leur temps. On a du proceder autrement et partir de la litterature.Relire La Petite Fadette, les Dus frays bessous du gascon Jasmin, d'autres oeuvres d'ecrivains ayant eu une enfance rurale afin d'y reperer ce que Carlo Ginzburg appellerait des traces: traces a demi effacees d'une culture essentiellement orale et tres meprisee, indices tenus qu'il faut interpreter a la lumiere de ce que les anthropologues et les folkloristes nous ont appris des contes et des croyances.Il s'agit ainsi de reconstituer les logiques multiples d'un univers culturel tres etrange a nos yeux, entre le reve et le reel, peuple de sorcieres et de loups-garous, de devins et de feux follets. Et, en bon historien, d'inscrire ces croyances dans le temps: comprendre pourquoi, en depit du mepris des Lumieres qui faisait suite a la persecution sanglante des siecles precedents, elles etaient encore si vivantes au debut du XIXe siecle; puis tenter d'evaluer leur recul, ou plutot les transformations qu'elles connaissaient a cette epoque; enfin apprecier l'enjeu politique qu'elles en vinrent a representer lorsqu'en 1848 l'instauration du suffrage universel donna a des campagnards encore illettres et superstitieux un poids decisif dans la destinee d'un pays.Vincent Robert enseigne l'histoire politique et culturelle du XIXe siecle a l'universite Paris I Pantheon-Sorbonne. Il a notamment publie Le Temps des banquets. Politique et symbolique d'une generation, 1818-1848 (2010) qui a obtenu le prix des Rendez-vous de l'histoire de Blois.

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