Plant breeding, animal breeding, medical genetics and the genetics of industrial fungi are usually taught separately, but they are all linked by strong central concepts regarding the generation, control, fate and use of genetic variation at the levels of genes, chromosomes, genomes and populations. Mutation, recombination, selection, population genetics and karyotype changes are involved, together with breeding systems. This text constitutes an integrated undergraduate course in applied genetics based on those central concepts. It should be suitable for those interested in working with plants, animals, humans or fungi. Such or course, or selected parts of it, is applicable to students of biological, microbiological, agricultural or biomedical sciences.