Lead-Nickel Electrochemical Batteries

The lead-acid accumulator was introduced in the middle of the19th century, the diverse variants of nickel accumulators between the beginning and the end of the 20th century. Although ancient, these technologies are always very present on numerous markets. Unfortunately they are not still used in optimal conditions, often because of the misunderstanding of the internal electrochemical phenomena. This work wants to be didactic and approachable to the largest people, and more particularly to Electric Genius engineers and to industrialists, confronted with the use of such systems, but also to Electrochemistry engineers. It will describe the electrochemical reactions to electrodes, the various internal conceptions, the modes of failures which become established in functioning and the best conditions of use to protect the performances and prolong life time.