Healthy and sustainable animal husbandry is the goal of animal breeding. This book provides a detailed overview of applications of post-genome era techniques for livestock genetics and breeding. It also describes techniques for genetically selecting highly productive animals without producing large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions, community-based breeding programs for breeding rams and bucks, the response of bovine species to in vitro thermal stress stimulation, and the semen characteristics of wool-breed ram lamb-raised in conditions of high altitude. The book not only presents advanced animal genetic and breeding methods but also highlights useful, practical technology for animal breeding under specific climate, geographic, and environmental conditions.