The Polyphony of Utopia

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(Michael Hardt, Professor of Literature, Duke University)

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(Thomas Lahusen, Professor Emeritus, University of Toronto)

Utopias - literary visions of better, more just and happier communities - have been misconceived as <> on the one hand and <> on the other. Building on the notion of <> and elaborating on interpretations of literary works as contradictory and incomplete, the book analyses selected utopian and dystopian novels by five writers: Edward Bellamy, Alexander Bogdanov, Ivan Yefremov, Marge Piercy and Octavia E. Butler. It argues that departing from the conventions of realism, utopias advance credible visions of more perfect ways of living and being which are nevertheless destabilized through gothic and poetic generic elements. Unresolved issues are further explored in (utopian as well as dystopian) sequels and prequels. The novels analysed in detail include Bellamy's Looking Backward 2000-1887 (1888) and Equality (1897), Bogdanov's Red Star: A Utopia (1908) and Engineer Menni: A Novel of Fantasy (1913), Yefremov's Andromeda: A Space-Age Tale (1957) and The Hour of the Bull (1970), Piercy's Woman on the Edge of Time (1976) and He, She and It (1991), and Butler's Parable of the Sower (1993) and Parable of the Talents (1998).