Dante Gabriel Rossetti was born on May 12th 1828 in London, England. The young Gabriel Charles Dante Rossetti was the son of emigre Italian scholar Gabriele Pasquale Giuseppe Rossetti and his wife Frances Polidori. To family and friends he was Gabriel, but in print he put the name Dante first (in honour of Dante Alighieri). It was an artistic family of siblings; he was the brother of famed poet Christina Rossetti, critic William Michael Rossetti, and author Maria Francesca Rossetti. During his early years Rossetti was home educated and spent hours immersed reading the Bible, Shakespeare, Dickens, Scott and Byron. As a youth he was described as self-possessed, articulate, passionate and charismatic but also ardent, poetic and feckless . He attended King’s College School. Like his siblings he most wished to be a poet but had a keen eye as a painter, having shown a great interest in Medieval Italian art. His education continued at Henry Sass’s Drawing Academy from 1841 to 1845 and he then enrolled at the Antique School of the Royal Academy, until 1848. After leaving the Royal Academy, Rossetti studied under Ford Madox Brown, with whom he remained close throughout his life. Following the exhibition of William Holman Hunt’s painting The Eve of St. Agnes, Rossetti sought out Hunt’s friendship. The painting based on the poem by Keats and Rossetti’s own poem, The Blessed Damozel , was an imitation of Keats, and he believed Hunt might therefore share his artistic and literary ideals. He did. Together they developed and founded the philosophy of the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood together with John Everett Millais. They had high ideals; to reform English art by rejecting the mechanistic approach first adopted by the Mannerists who succeeded Raphael and Michelangelo and the formal training introduced by Sir Joshua Reynolds. Rossetti was always drawn to the medieval side of the movement, eagerly translating Dante and other medieval Italian poets, as well as adopting the stylistic characteristics of the early Italians. He frequently wrote sonnets to accompany his pictures, spanning from The Girlhood of Mary Virgin (1849) and Astarte Syriaca (1877), while also creating art to illustrate poems such as Goblin Market by his sister. In 1869, William Morris and Rossetti rented a country house, Kelmscott Manor at Kelmscott, Oxfordshire, as a summer home, but it also became a retreat for Rossetti and Jane Morris to have a long-lasting and complicated liaison. Their eroticism and sensuality caused offence. One poem, Nuptial Sleep , described a couple falling asleep after sex. It was part of Rossetti’s sonnet sequence The House of Life, a complex series of poems tracing the physical and spiritual development of an intimate relationship. In 1874, William Morris re-organised his decorative arts firm, cutting Rossetti out of the business. On Easter Sunday, April 9th, 1882, he died at the country house of a friend, where he had gone in a vain attempt to recover his health, which had been destroyed by chloral. He had been suffering from alcohol psychosis for some time brought on by the excessive whisky consumption used to drown out the very bitter taste of the chloral hydrate. He is buried at Birchington-on-Sea, Kent, England.
