In recent years, much has been written about the Metis of southern Canada, those at Red River and the historic buffalo hunters of the Plains. Whether implicitly or explicitly, these groups have come to define the identity and culture of all Metis in the Northwest. This book challenges the prevailing discourse about Metis-ness by considering the circumstances of northern Metis, many of whom who seemed little different from "Indians," or First Nations, until the imposition of government policies related to treaties versus "Half-breed" scrip. In so doing, it draws upon literature related to ethnogenesis, a topic often overlooked by those writing about the development of Metis identities. In addition, Becoming Metis in Northeastern Alberta examines the evolution of legal distinctions between First Nations and Metis-the "dual paradigms" model operative today. It shows how the dominant discourse about "the Metis" has informed legislation and policy vis-a-vis Metis communities, with a special focus on Alberta. It also reviews a series of key pieces of legislation (federal and provincial) and judicial decisions that have had an impact on the situation of northern Metis, notably those in northeastern Alberta.