The book contributes to the current debate over Islam in a globalizing world by drawing on the contemporary and historical justice discourse within the Islamic traditions, and by examining policies and practices of global powers towards Muslim populations in the global south. The discussion aims at bringing insights from Islamic authoritative sources and scholarly literature, and to enrich the current deliberation on the universality of modern values and the relevance of the Islamic traditions to advancing more inclusive notion of global justice. The book examine in particular several models rooted in the monotheistic crucial for overcoming three interrelated challenges facing the dispensation of justice in contemporary society: inclusivity, disparity, and selectivity. The book uses the normative framework it outline to analyze the connection between European powers and the autocratic regimes in the MENA region. Several chapters in the book illustrate how supporting Arab autocracy contributes to the rise of religious extremism and has already produced failed states in Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, and Yemen that undermine both national and global peace and stability.