Thi b k is int nd d f r students, nd

i ll for tud nt b ginning t
tud th
r h
l g
nd hi t r
f th
n i nt N r E t. The changes which took l

on the Mesopotamian l in b tw n the Tigris nd Eu hr t
rivers in th fourth nd third mill nni b are of ru i l importance in understanding ub
u nt developments in w t rn A i
nd b
nd. A range of m j r innovations in b th technology nd social development is ttribut d t thi

ri d nd it i th

innovations whi h will b d
rib d in th f ll wing h t r . M n of them h v th ir r t in mu h ld r periods. Wh r evidence whi h
m l m nt
r xt nd th t fr m Mesopotamia i available from adjacent g gr hi areas, it too will be in lud d. Sin
1991 it h
n t b n possible t dig in Ir
it lf nd,

a dir t result f this, th r h
b n n x l i n of r h
l gi l
tivit in n ighb uring countries u h

S ri and th Gulf t t . This n w vid n
h
brought im rt nt new insights nd h
led to a r

r i l f the Sum ri n w rld.